DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HEMATURIA
NON-RENAL CAUSES
Hematologic
Sickle Cell Disease
Bleeding diathesis
Medications
Cyclophosphamide
Coumadin
Heparin
Genitourinary Tract Disease (Postrenal)
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
Calculi (ureter, bladder, or urethra)
Infections (cystitis, prostatitis, epididymitis, urethritis)
Neoplasms (renal pelvis, bladder, ureter, urethra, prostate)
RENAL CAUSES
Glomerular Disease (associated with dysmorphic RBCs, RBC casts or heavy proteinuria)
Diseases Associated with Low Complement Levels
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
Ventriculoatrial Shunt Infection
Diseases Associated with Normal Complement Levels
Primary Renal Diseases
IgA nephropathy (Bergers Disease)
Idiopathic Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
Systemic Disease
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Vasculitis
Polyarteritis Nodosa
Hypersensitivity Vasculitis
Microscopic Polyangiitis
Malignant Hypertension
Loin Pain Syndrome
Tubulointerstitial (Nonglomerular) Disease
Trauma
Hypercalciuria
Hyperuricosuria
Papillary Necrosis
Infection
Pyelonephritis
Bacterial
Polycystic Kidney
Medullary Sponge Kidney
Neoplasia
Benign Tumors
Oncocytomas
Angiomyolipomas
Leiomyomas
Fibromas
Lipomas
Malignant Tumors
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Sarcoma
Lymphoma
Nephroblastoma
Urothelial Tumors
Metastatic Lesions
Vascular Disease
Renal Infarction
Renal Vein Thrombosis
AVM
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber Disease)