K 3.5 - 5.0 LOW DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HYPOKALEMIA

Transcellular Shifts

     Alkalosis

     Insulin Administration

     Acute Glucose Loads

     Beta Agonist Therapy

     Theophylline Toxicity

     Periodic Paralysis

Inadequate Dietary Intake

     Malabsorption

Excessive Excretion

     Gastrointestinal Losses

          Diarrhea (including laxative abuse)

          Villous Adenoma

          Non-Beta-Cell Pancreatic Islet Cell Tumors

               Vipoma

               Gastrinoma

          Vomiting

          Nasogastric Suctioning

          Fistula

          Ureterosigmoidostomy

     Renal Losses

          Diuretics (loop, thiazide, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors)

          Osmotic Diuresis

          Metabolic Acidosis

          Metabolic Alkalosis

          Hyperaldosteronism

          Primary Hyperaldosteronism

          Secondary Hyperaldosteronism

          Liddles Syndrome

          Bartters Syndrome

          Pheochromocytoma

          Cushings Syndrome

          Renal Tubular Acidosis (Type I)

          Resolving Acute Tubular Necrosis

          Postobstructive Diuresis

          Multiple Myeloma

          Waldenstroms Macroglobulinemia

          Interstitial Nephritis

          Excessive Licorice Ingestion

Drugs

     Epinephrine

     Pseudoephedrine

     Phenylpropanolamine

     Folic Acid

     Diuretics (loop, thiazide, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors)

     B12 Therapy

     Amphotericin B

     Foscarnet

     Cisplatin

     Sodium Bicarbonate Therapy

     Ticarcillin

     Carbenicillin

     Penicillin

     Nafcillin

     Amphotericin B

     Gentamycin

     Tetracycline

     Beta Agonist Therapy

     Theophylline

     Insulin

      High Dose Glucocorticoids

     Fludrocortisone

     Tocolytic Agents

     Ritodrine

     Nylidrin

     Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate

Other

     Leukocytosis

     Hypercalcemia

     Hypomagnesemia

     Renal Artery Stenosis